The diagnosis of AKI in the clinical setting is based on the changes in serum creatinine and urine output as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.13 Novel AKI biomarkers, such as kidney injury molecule-1, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, and cystatin C, have not been adopted in wider clinical practice. This evidence concerns the gene HAVCR1 and acute kidney injury.