For example, variations in the gene and protein expression and activity of the epidermal growth factor receptors (EFGR), phosphorylated protein kinase B (phospho-AKT), and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinases (phospho-MAPK) in colorectal cancer cell lines (e.g., HT-29, CACO-2, DLD-1) affected the genotype and phenotype of cells in 3D cultures, as compared to 2D monolayers [19, 20]. Here, AKT1 is linked to colorectal cancer.