AKT1 and neoplasm: From the outset, the injection of OSCC-tumor-derived exosomes accelerated the malignancy progression of precancerous lesions in murine models,32 and this phenomenon was attributed to exosomal miR-10b through AKT signaling.33 The same initiation of malignancy also occurs in recurrent OSCCs with increased serum exosomal long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-CCDC144NL-AS1 and MAGI2-AS3 via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway34 (Fig. 1a).