Compared with HCs, new-onset RA patients had a lower number of Treg cells [20.605(15.633,33.415) cells/μl vs. 35.700(23.360,59.855) cells/μl, P = 0.004] and a lower number of c-Tfr cells [7.690(1.700,15.202) cells/μl vs. 14.519 (8.979,28.602) cells/μl, P = 0.008] resulting in a higher ratio of c-Tfh/c-Tfr [7.822(3.546,26.824) vs. 1.916(0.684,4.483), P < 0.001], and they also had a lower percentage of c-Tfr cells [1.332(0.282,2.224) % vs. 2.097(1.143,3.130) %, P = 0.032] but a higher percentage of c-Tfh cells [8.955 (5.580,13.550) % vs. 2.750(0.923,12.965) %, P = 0.044]. The gene discussed is TFRC; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.