Other factors independently associated with mortality were age, male sex, current smoking, HbA1c, anti-hyperglycemic (especially insulin) and anti-hypertensive treatment, other complications, particularly DKD, and comorbidities; moreover, PA level, total and HDL cholesterol, lipid-lowering treatment, and diastolic BP showed an inverse association with mortality. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetic kidney disease.