In addition, they had longer diabetes duration, higher levels of HbA1c, triglycerides, TG:HDL ratio, systolic BP, pulse pressure, and albuminuria, and higher prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin, lipid-lowering, anti-hypertensive, anti-platelet, and anti-coagulant treatment, albuminuric and non-albuminuric DKD, non-advanced and advanced DR, any coronary and cerebrovascular event, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and revascularization procedures, COPD, and chronic liver disease. Here, INS is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.