The following section mainly introduces the signaling pathways induced by PRRs, including toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) -like receptors (RLRs), cytoplasmic DNA sensors (CDSs), and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGEs) in relation to ARDS. The gene discussed is AGER; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.