Previous studies of NR3C1 and PCOS or its endophenotypes were inconclusive, some case-control studies in similar ethnic populations (Caucasians) failed to detect significant association [29, 30], probably due to the lower detection power of sporadic cases compared to familial cases, while others were positive [12], though in a case-control cohort from a different ethnic population (Brazilian) and with the endophenotype of insulin resistance rather than PCOS itself. The gene discussed is NR3C1; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.