Moreover, ER stress activates the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathway to upregulate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression, exacerbating the hepatic inflammatory response and leading to liver steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [12, 13]. Here, ATF6 is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.