TNF and epilepsy: Inflammatory reactions and abnormal immune function play an important role in the occurrence and development of epilepsy, while tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is an important inflammatory cytokine that can promote the activation of B, T and mononuclear macrophages, promote the expression of other inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 and interleukin-2, and accelerate the secretion of human leukocyte class II antigen by antigen-presenting cells, thus participating in the occurrence and progression of epilepsy.