VDAC1 and glioblastoma: In our study, we developed a signature comprising 14 PCD-related genes (BCL2A1, CASP3, CLTB, CTSK, CYP1B1, ICAM1, MMP9, PTPN2, RAC2, S100A9, TEX264, TNFAIP3, VDAC1, and ZKSCAN3) and demonstrated its ability to predict overall survival in GBM patients.