We have precisely described the roles of oxidative stress and examples of PTMs (e.g., oxidation, S-nitrosylation, JNK-mediated phosphorylation, nitration, acetylation, and adduct formation) of mitochondrial proteins and transcription factors in promoting fat synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of hepatocytes, leading to individual liver diseases caused by different etiological agents. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK8 and liver disorder.