Recently, we revealed that levels of sICM, particularly the soluble (s) programmed cell death protein 1 (sPD-1) and sCD137/4-1BB molecules, were significantly higher in children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes, and that these higher levels were associated with the risk of developing an additional autoimmune disorder over time [11]. This evidence concerns the gene HOXD13 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.