We measured the concentrations of 14 sICM (sBTLA, sCD27, sCD28, sCD80, sCD137/4–1BB, sCTLA-4, sGITR, sHVEM, sIDO, sLAG-3, sPD-1, sPDL-1, sPDL-2 and sTIM-3) in the sera of the 57 AAb+ children compared with 79 children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes and 44 healthy children. This evidence concerns the gene SPDL1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus.