Interestingly, we found that previous studies reported that these genes play an important role in cancer progression: the LDHA activates GTPase Rac1 in a manner independent of its glycolytic enzyme activity thereby promoting cancer progression74; DOCK4 is a key component of the TGF-b/Smad pathway and promotes lung ADC cell extravasation and metastasis75; GPX3 is a potent tumor development suppressor76. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.