Therapies targeting CAF activation, CAF reprogramming, CAF-secreted ECM or CAF/tumor cell crosstalk by vaccine, inhibitor (such as IPI-926, defactinib4, C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) inhibitor, PEGPH20, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibitor, SOM230, and other) alone or combined with chemotherapy have been evaluated in preclinical studies or clinical trials in the regulation of TNBC initiation and progression [114]. The gene discussed is MMP9; the disease is neoplasm.