This suggested to some extent that elevated SDF-1α levels may improve ovarian reserve but may also induce infertility in PCOS patients by inhibiting follicle activation rather than oocyte maturation and that the IVF process may mask the effects of SDF-1α on reproduction in PCOS patients, a speculation that needs to be confirmed by further studies. The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is polycystic ovary syndrome.