CuS-I@P1 NPs show a dose-dependent cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-468 cells under NIR laser irradiation (Fig. 5d, e), while exhibiting negligible cytotoxicity towards furin-negative 293T cells (Fig. 5f and Supplementary Fig. 20), demonstrating the highly specific tumour therapeutic potential of CuS-I@P1 NPs with natural Tyr handle. The gene discussed is FURIN; the disease is neoplasm.