HMOX1 and acute pancreatitis: Using a type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model, Venkat et al. demonstrated that HSC-derived exosomes could simultaneously reduce liver dysfunction and improve neurological and cognitive function.249 Lastly, acute pancreatitis is an unpredictable and potentially lethal disease, the prognosis of which mainly depends on whether it develops into multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.250 Chen et al. revealed that exosomes from iPSC-derived MSCs could improve myocardial injury caused by severe acute pancreatitis through the Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.251