The validity of these findings was further reinforced by the results showing that three additional UPR inducers, specifically tunicamycin, A23187, and Brefeldin-A, led to significant inhibition of FBXO5 and E2F2 expression in multiple colon cancer cell lines, including HT29, HCT116, and SW480 (Supplementary Fig. 2A–G). Here, E2F2 is linked to colonic neoplasm.