The validity of these findings was further reinforced by the results showing that three additional UPR inducers, specifically tunicamycin, A23187, and Brefeldin-A, led to significant inhibition of FBXO5 and E2F2 expression in multiple colon cancer cell lines, including HT29, HCT116, and SW480 (Supplementary Fig. 2A–G). This evidence concerns the gene E2F2 and malignant colon neoplasm.