This study investigated the protective effect of water-soluble propolis (WSP) on colonic tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) and the role of the protein kinase C ‐ transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 ‐ calcitonin gene-related peptide/substance P (PKC-TRPV1-CGRP/SP) signaling pathway. The gene discussed is TRPV1; the disease is ulcerative colitis.