TNF and cancer: The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicates that SMYAD signaling pathways for treating DPVD primarily involve TNF signaling, AGE-RAGE signaling for diabetes complications, and the IL-17 signaling pathway pathways in cancer, lipid and atherosclerosis, endocrine resistance, cellular senescence, etc. TNF-α is found to influence adhesion factors, leading to vascular inflammation and blood vessel permeability around the lesion.[48] Kaempferol has antihypertensive, cardiovascular protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects in NO-dependent hypertensive rats.