CEACAM5 and cancer: The affinity-based biosensor (BSA/anti-CEA/f-Ti3C2-MXene/GCE) was applied for detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, a cancer biomarker related to different types of cancer diseases, with LOD of 0.000018 ng mL−1 within a linear concentration range of 0.0001–2000 ng mL−1 [227].