We recently showed that human adult ductal progenitor-like cells can be differentiated into endocrine progenitor cells in vitro using a Notch signaling inhibitor, and these endocrine progenitor cells subsequently give rise to insulin expressing cells that function in transplanted insulin-dependent diabetic mice.20 Together, these results implicate adult ductal progenitor-like cells as potential targets for beta cell neogenesis and regenerative medicine in diabetes. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.