To confirm endogenous NF-κB activation upon Ad infection, several cell lines (rat, RPC-C2A and 3Y1; mouse, NIH3T3 and RAW264.7; and human, H1299 and HEK293) were transfected with the NF-κB luciferase reporter plasmid and examined for NF-κB activation 6 h after infection with wild-type Ad5 (clone wt300) at an m.o.i. of 20 PFU/cell. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is infection.