NEFL and Alzheimer disease: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) blood-based biomarkers have evolved rapidly over the last decade with the development of more sensitive technologies, such as single molecular array (SIMOA) immunoassays, to more accurately measure biomarkers of AD pathology (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio and phosphorylated tau at threonine 181 [ptau181]), and neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain, [NfL] and glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP]) (1-3).