GFAP and diabetes mellitus: Our NfL and GFAP findings were more consistent with findings from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study (18), AIBL (17), the Austrian Stroke Prevention Family Study (ASPS-Fam) (19), the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (20), and SPRINT (5), all showing higher NfL and GFAP levels with increased age.