However, a phase 3 trial of PD-1 inhibition with camrelizumab plus tyrosine kinase inhibition with rivoceranib vs sorafenib as a first-line treatment for patients with unresectable aHCC met its primary endpoints of improved progression-free survival and overall survival, although the patient population differed from other aHCC phase 3 trials because the majority of patients (>80%) were recruited at centres in Asia and had a hepatitis B etiology (>72%).28 This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and hepatitis B virus infection.