BRAF and melanoma: In fact, all melanoma types are characterized by recurrent genetic alterations, and driving mutations tend to be in signaling pathways that regulate proliferation (BRAF, NRAS, and NF1), growth and metabolism (PTEN and KIT), resistance to apoptosis (TP53), duration of the cell cycle (TERT), cell identity (ARID2), and cell cycle control (CDKN2A) [5].