The activation of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) genes and the secretion of factors such as IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) have been demonstrated to mediate epithelial cell proliferation and play a role in the progression and development of various carcinomas [36]. Here, VEGFA is linked to carcinoma.