Since the biosamples from patients with epilepsy were studied, in addition to BDNF, the levels of neurospecific proteins (neuron-specific enolase (NSE), visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1), and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B)) considered to be biomarkers of epilepsy were also determined. Here, VSNL1 is linked to epilepsy.