In terms of possible systemic factors related to myopia pathogenesis, a recent two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study demonstrated that among six glycemic factors including adiponectin, body mass index, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and proinsulin levels, adiponectin was negatively associated with myopia incidence, and a higher HbA1c level was associated with a greater risk of myopia, suggesting systemic glycemic regulation factors could be possible therapeutic targets for myopia onset [57]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is myopia.