It is well known that in type 1 diabetes, circulating IGF1 levels are negatively associated with glycemic regulation [58], and interestingly, previous non-targeted metabolomics analysis by ultra-HPLC with tandem mass spectrometry resulted that four metabolic pathways, insulin secretion, bile secretion, thyroid hormone synthesis and cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, were enriched in both aqueous humor and vitreous humor in patients with pathogenic myopia as compared with age- and sex-matched controls [59]. Here, IGF1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.