In our cohort, the B-cell-attracting chemokine CXCL13 in CSF could not significantly distinguish different viral pathogen-related diseases, such as TBE, VZV-infections, or HSV-1 (meningo-) encephalitis from each other, or multiple sclerosis, limbic encephalitis, paraneoplastic syndrome, neuroinfectious diseases of unknown pathogens, or bacterial meningitis. The gene discussed is CXCL13; the disease is multiple sclerosis.