For this reason, we crossed Il1r1f/f [30] and p55f/f [31] mice with the Col6a1Cre strain to specifically inhibit the IL-1R and TNFR pathways in Col6a1+ IMCs and then subjected the mice to the AOM/DSS protocol of colitis-associated carcinogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF1A and infectious otitis media.