NOS2 and Alzheimer disease: In AD models, these cells continue to secrete pro-inflammation cytokines, including interleukin-1b (IL-1b), p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and chemokines, but not anti-inflammation cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-10, suggesting that microglia/macrophages may not shift toward an alternative anti-inflammatory status during pathological processes [16].