NOS2 and Sepsis: ROS and/or RNS generated in sepsis activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, causing upregulation of the target genes of the NF-B pathway like iNOS, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (LOX5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), xanthine oxidoreductase, arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (LOX-12), and NADPH oxidase NOX2 (gp91phox), which further elevate ROS and or RNS production.