Such studies should focus on clarifying the molecular mechanisms behind APS’s modulation of mTh17/mTreg cells and TIGIT/CD155 signaling, evaluating the long-term efficacy and safety of APS in UC and determining the translational potential of these findings to human UC pathology with the ultimate goal of developing novel APS-based therapies for UC management. Here, PVR is linked to autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.