TNF and colitis: Additionally, Zhong et al. reported that 200 mg/kg APS can modulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23 and TNF-α, in the colonic tissues of mice with colitis, rebalance the homeostasis between Tfh/Treg cells [29] and recalibrate the balance of Tfh/Treg cells, but it had no significant effect on Th17 cells.