It is likely that the activation and inhibition of TRPV1 by their agonists and antagonists, respectively, modulate the activation, autophagy, phagocytosis and metabolic functions of the microglia and astrocytes, in turn modifying their oxidative stress and normal functions, and achieve the treatment of AD and PD by regulating neuroinflammation. Here, TRPV1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.