For example, tumor cells employ immune evasion by up-regulating PD-L1 expression, and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway enhances PD-L1 levels via miR-675-5p and concurrently represses human leukocyte antigen-ABC (HLA-ABC) through HK II. Here, HK2 is linked to neoplasm.