AKR1B1 and Hyperglycemia: Activation of the polyol pathway by hyperglycemia increases the activity of aldose reductase, which in turn decreases the expressions of miR-200a and miR-141 (these miRNAs are regulators of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP-1)), suppressing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and resulting in increased ROS and oxidative stress.