INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In this study, we evaluated the association between ECG traits and (1) diseases such as T2D and CAD, (2) serum electrolytes, (3) blood and inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, C-reactive protein, etc.), and (4) CVD/T2D risk factors (e.g., LDL-C, insulin, etc.)in the Qatar Biobank (QBB) dataset.