ACVRL1 and atherosclerosis: In addition to proposing general scenarios in which such dominant-negative activity could enhance benefit (e.g., reducing conceptus loss rates in early pregnancy given ALK1′s placental expression [128]), the new discovery that ALK1 depletion reduces LDL transcytosis and atherosclerosis allows for the postulation of hypotheses applying to childhood, early adulthood, or later adult life based on enhanced athletic vigour and protection from arterial pathologies.