TNF and Cowden disease: In this trial, 121 patients were enrolled; 93% of them had failed to respond to previous treatment with TNF-antagonists or vedolizumab and with moderate-to-severe CD defined by a Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity (CDEIS) ≥7 or ≥4 for isolated ileitis and a CDAI score between 220 and 450.