Based on the OS and AP molecular data obtained in this population study, one can hypothesize that over time hyperglycemia induced the formation and accumulation of ROS (superoxide anion (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (·OH)) that was reflected in a significant plasma MDA elevation and decreased SOD, GPx, and TAC in T2DM+DR patients. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.