In this atmosphere, we propose that chronic hyperglycemia leads to OS and alteration of the retinal NVU, which in the presence of concrete risk factors induces relevant changes in a wide variety of molecules that we have identified in tears and plasma samples, such as MDA, SOD, GPx, CAS3, miR-10a-5p, miR-15b-5p, and the BCL2L2 and TP53 genes. Here, BCL2L2 is linked to Hyperglycemia.