VEGFA and bacterial infectious disease: Among miRNAs derived from milk exosomes, miR-125a is involved in the modulation of immune response to bacterial and viral aggressions, while the human homolog miR-718, still involved in immune response regulating p53, also regulates vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin growth factor (IGF) pathways [35], and miR-146 exerts a regulatory function in TLR signaling and in the resolution of bacterial infections [36].