NLRP3 and ulcerative colitis: Recent studies reported that oral administration of exosomal vesicles prevented colon shortening, intestinal epithelium disruption, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and tissue fibrosis in a mouse ulcerative colitis model via inhibition of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation [30].