INS and Insulin resistance: In HF, a significant glucose peak after the meal intake should be avoided, since hyperglycemia is associated with disordered endothelial function, increased low-grade inflammation, increased blood coagulation, reduced fibrinolysis, decreased plaque stability, reduced triglyceride-rich lipoprotein and LDL removal, increased HDL cholesterol catabolism, reductions in free fatty acids, reduced early-phase insulin secretion, and increased insulin resistance, which are related to worse clinical outcomes [32,33].