The cascade of reactions can lead to apoptosis, necrosis, Ca2+ overload, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, affecting various signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, TLR-4/NF-kB, Nrf/HO-1, ERK/p38/JNK] and eventually causing amnesia and brain damage. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and amnesia.