Another randomized controlled trial of 108 people with stage 3 CKD also confirmed similar effects of fruit and vegetable intake on metabolic acidosis parameters, such that daily administration of two to four cups of fruits and vegetables over a period of three years resulted in higher CO2 levels, lower net acid excretion, lower urinary albumin–creatinine ratios, and preserved kidney function [34]. This evidence concerns the gene ALB and chronic kidney disease.