Wittmann et al. [29] used an anti-mouse PDCA-1 antibody to deplete pDCs in mice and found that B. adolescentis lost its protective function against Yersinia enterocolitica infection compared with the control and suggested that bifidobacteria activate the host immune response through pDC-mediated clearance of pathogens in the intestine. Here, PDC is linked to Yersinia enterocolitica infectious disease.