After exposing normal and IPF-derived lung fibroblasts to a conditioned medium (CM) for 24 h, a notable increase in the expression of pro-inflammatory molecules IL-1β, TNF-α, Gal-3, and TGF-β was observed—as shown in Figure 6, no difference was found in the response to the CM in lung fibroblasts isolated from IPF patients when compared to those from control donors. Here, TNF is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.