KLK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: This could have several clinical implications, including changing screening practices in men with elevated PSA but favorable BPH molecular subtypes, particularly after a negative initial prostate biopsy (i.e., potentially sparing them subsequent unnecessary prostate biopsies given their lower risk of PCa development), as well as exploring the use of anti-inflammatory medications (or gene-targeted therapies) in a chemo-preventative role in men with “high risk” molecular subtypes of BPH.