NKX3-1 and benign prostatic hyperplasia: By contrast, GO analysis of the genes upregulated in the BPH-PCa group while downregulated in men with symptomatic BPH were several transcription factors related to prostate cancer, such as NKX3-1 and members of the HOX family like HOXB13, HOXB7, HOXD4, HOXC10 and HOXC8 (Figure 3D).