A model incorporating five urine miRNAs (miR-151a-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-222-3p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-331-3p) and serum PSA, termed pCaP, was developed after examining 45 selected miRNAs in 215 PCa patients. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.