In a meta-analysis of three independent studies involving 1212 men, with a median age of 63 years old, median PSA of 5.2 ng/mL, who were going through their initial biopsy, the EPI AUC (0.70) outperformed PSA (0.56) and the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial Risk Calculator (PCPT-RC) (0.62) in differentiating between GG2, GG1, and benign histology. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate cancer.