MT-ND4 and posterior cortical atrophy: In this study, in 100% of cases, the researchers detected RCI mtDNA (MT-ND4) in EVs isolated from the serum of men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (5/5), men with a Gleason score of 6 PCa (5/5), and men with a Gleason score of 9 PCa (5/5).